Toxicity is an extent
to which a particular substance can damage the living organism; it is important
parameter to be evaluated during all stages of drug development. Toxicity is
one of the major reasons for failure of drug development and rejection of drug
candidate. Toxicity can be because of dosage, form, half life and other
parameters of drug. Since long time toxicity is measured at the later stage of
the drug development process but considering higher rejection rate of drug in
recent years citing high toxicity level and cost impact of later stage failure,
companies started early toxicity testing and taken measures accordingly to
reduce the attrition rate in drug discovery.
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Early toxicity testing
can be of three types namely in vivo, in vitro and in silico. In vivo toxicity
testing is performed on living animals, in in vitro technique testing is
performed in laboratories using biochemical assays and cellular assays without animals
whereas in in silico technique testing is done by data analysis on computer
with the help of data mining and data modeling tools. Out of all these
techniques, there are significant advancements happened in in vivo technique;
while other two techniques are still in development stage. According to
industry leader, cost of drug those get rejected because of late toxicity is
40% of overall drug development spending, where there is around USD 50 billion
spend on drug development put together. Many organizations which are working
towards environment and animal protection are opposing in vivo approach, and
are pressurizing governments to make companies opt for in silico approach.
Several initiatives such as FDA’s Critical Path Initiative and the European Union’s
Seventh Research Framework Programme are aimed at improving toxicity evaluation
process during drug development stages.
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Therefore in coming
years there may be considerable shift of paradigm from in vivo to in vitro and
in silico. There are some studies conducted for usage of nanoparticles in toxicological
testing, along with this developments are also in progress for producing 3
dimensional human tissues for toxicity testing. Organovo is one of the players
focused on replacing animal testing and biological assays by producing model of
human liver. This model mimics the form and functions of human liver and
therefore can be used for toxicological testing.
Early toxicity testing
market can be segmented in various categories such as on the basis of regional
geography, approach of technique and according to market share by major
companies. According to technical approach early toxicity testing market is
segmented in in vivo, in vitro and in silico, among all these in vivo market
contributing highest followed by in vitro and in silico. Pharmaceutical companies,
chemical companies and companies related to food products are main customers
for early toxicity detection testing players.
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Some of the market
players in this industry segment are Accelrys, BD Biosciences, Beckman Coulter,
Inc., Charles River Laboratories, Gene Logic, Invitrogen, Covance, IDBS, Thermo
Fisher.
This research report
analyzes this market depending on its market segments, major geographies, and
current market trends. Geographies analyzed under this research report include
·
North America
·
Asia Pacific
·
Europe
·
Rest of the World
This report provides comprehensive analysis of
·
Market growth drivers
·
Factors limiting market growth
·
Current market trends
·
Market structure
·
Market projections for upcoming years
This report is a
complete study of current trends in the market, industry growth drivers, and
restraints. It provides market projections for the coming years. It includes
analysis of recent developments in technology, Porter’s five force model
analysis and detailed profiles of top industry players. The report also
includes a review of micro and macro factors essential for the existing market
players and new entrants along with detailed value chain analysis.
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